--- title: "All functions A-Z" slug: "dev-database-reference-sql-functions-a-z" updated: 2026-10-30T18:19:06Z published: 2026-10-30T18:19:06Z canonical: "docs.vastdata.com/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-a-z" --- > ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.vastdata.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # All functions A-Z *Applies to VAST Cluster 5.5.* Every function name in the VAST Query Engine on VAST Cluster 5.5. Available functions link to their page. For the others, the table says why they aren't available and, where there's one, what to use instead. | Name | Available | Page, or why not | | --- | --- | --- | | `!~` | Yes | [regexp_full_match](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-full-match) (same as regexp_full_match) | | `!~~` | Yes | [LIKE and NOT LIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-like) (same as LIKE and NOT LIKE) | | `!~~*` | Yes | [ILIKE and NOT ILIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ilike) (same as ILIKE and NOT ILIKE) | | `%` | Yes | [% (modulo)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-modulo) | | `&` | Yes | [& (bitwise AND)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-bitwise-and) | | `&&` | Yes | [list_has_any](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-any) (same as list_has_any) | | `(a, b, ...)` | Yes | [row](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-row) (same as row) | | `*` | Yes | [* (multiply an interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-multiply) | | `**` | Yes | [pow](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-pow) (same as pow) | | `+` | Yes | [+ (add a date or interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-plus) | | `+a` | Yes | [+ (addition)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-addition) (same as +) | | `-` | Yes | [- (subtract a date or interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-minus) | | `->` | Yes | [json_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-extract) (same as json_extract) | | `->>` | Yes | [json_extract_string](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-extract-string) (same as json_extract_string) | | `-a` | Yes | [- (subtraction and negation)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-subtraction) (same as -) | | `/` | Yes | [/ (divide an interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-divide) | | `//` | Yes | [// (integer division)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-integer-division) | | `<<` | Yes | [<< (shift left)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-shift-left) | | `<@` | Yes | [list_has_all](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-all) (same as list_has_all) | | `>>` | Yes | [>> (shift right)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-shift-right) | | `@` | Yes | [abs](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-abs) (same as abs) | | `@>` | Yes | [list_has_all](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-all) (same as list_has_all) | | `[...]` | Yes | [list_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-value) (same as list_value) | | `^` | Yes | [pow](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-pow) (same as pow) | | `^@` | Yes | [starts_with](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-starts-with) (same as starts_with) | | `a * b` | Yes | [* (multiplication)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-multiplication) (same as *) | | `a - b` | Yes | [- (subtraction and negation)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-subtraction) (same as -) | | `abs` | Yes | [abs](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-abs) | | `acos` | Yes | [acos](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-acos) | | `acosh` | Yes | [acosh](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-acosh) | | `add` | Yes | [list_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-concat) (same as list_concat) | | `add(a)` | Yes | [+ (addition)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-addition) (same as +) | | `add(a, b)` | Yes | [+ (add a date or interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-plus) (same as +) | | `age` | Yes | [age](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-age) | | `aggregate` | Yes | [list_aggregate](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-aggregate) (same as list_aggregate) | | `any_value` | Yes | [any_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-any-value) | | `apply` | Yes | [list_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-transform) (same as list_transform) | | `approx_count_distinct` | Yes | [approx_count_distinct](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-approx-count-distinct) | | `approx_quantile` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `approx_top_k` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `arbitrary` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `arg_max` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `arg_max_null` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `arg_min` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `arg_min_null` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `argmax` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `argmin` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `ARRAY[...]` | Yes | [list_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-value) (same as list_value) | | `array_agg` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `array_aggr` | Yes | [list_aggregate](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-aggregate) (same as list_aggregate) | | `array_aggregate` | Yes | [list_aggregate](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-aggregate) (same as list_aggregate) | | `array_append` | Yes | [list_append](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-append) (same as list_append) | | `array_apply` | Yes | [list_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-transform) (same as list_transform) | | `array_cat` | Yes | [list_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-concat) (same as list_concat) | | `array_concat` | Yes | [list_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-concat) (same as list_concat) | | `array_contains` | Yes | [list_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-contains) (same as list_contains) | | `array_cosine_distance` | Yes | [array_cosine_distance](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-vector-array-cosine-distance) | | `array_distance` | Yes | [array_distance](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-vector-array-distance) | | `array_distinct` | Yes | [list_distinct](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-distinct) (same as list_distinct) | | `array_extract` | Yes | [list_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-extract) (same as list_extract) | | `array_extract(s, 'field')` | Yes | [struct_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-extract) (same as struct_extract) | | `array_filter` | Yes | [list_filter](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-filter) (same as list_filter) | | `array_grade_up` | Yes | [list_grade_up](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-grade-up) (same as list_grade_up) | | `array_has` | Yes | [list_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-contains) (same as list_contains) | | `array_has_all` | Yes | [list_has_all](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-all) (same as list_has_all) | | `array_has_any` | Yes | [list_has_any](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-any) (same as list_has_any) | | `array_indexof` | Yes | [list_position](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-position) (same as list_position) | | `array_intersect` | Yes | [list_intersect](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-intersect) (same as list_intersect) | | `array_length` | Yes | [array_length](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-length) | | `array_negative_inner_product` | Yes | [array_negative_inner_product](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-vector-array-negative-inner-product) | | `array_pop_back` | Yes | [array_pop_back](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-pop-back) | | `array_pop_front` | Yes | [array_pop_front](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-pop-front) | | `array_position` | Yes | [list_position](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-position) (same as list_position) | | `array_prepend` | Yes | [list_prepend](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-prepend) (same as list_prepend) | | `array_push_back` | Yes | [list_append](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-append) (same as list_append) | | `array_push_front` | Yes | [list_prepend](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-prepend) (same as list_prepend) | | `array_reduce` | Yes | [list_reduce](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reduce) (same as list_reduce) | | `array_resize` | Yes | [list_resize](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-resize) (same as list_resize) | | `array_reverse` | Yes | [list_reverse](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reverse) (same as list_reverse) | | `array_reverse_sort` | Yes | [list_reverse_sort](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reverse-sort) (same as list_reverse_sort) | | `array_select` | Yes | [list_select](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-select) (same as list_select) | | `array_slice` | Yes | [list_slice](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-slice) (same as list_slice) | | `array_sort` | Yes | [list_sort](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-sort) (same as list_sort) | | `array_to_json` | Yes | [array_to_json](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-array-to-json) | | `array_to_string` | Yes | [array_to_string](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-to-string) | | `array_to_string(list, ',')` | Yes | [array_to_string](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-to-string) (same as array_to_string) | | `array_to_string_comma_default(list)` | Yes | [array_to_string](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-to-string) (same as array_to_string) | | `array_transform` | Yes | [list_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-transform) (same as list_transform) | | `array_unique` | Yes | [list_unique](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-unique) (same as list_unique) | | `array_value` | Yes | [array_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-array-value) | | `array_where` | Yes | [list_where](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-where) (same as list_where) | | `array_zip` | Yes | [list_zip](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-zip) (same as list_zip) | | `ascii` | Yes | [ascii](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ascii) | | `asin` | Yes | [asin](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-asin) | | `asinh` | Yes | [asinh](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-asinh) | | `atan` | Yes | [atan](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-atan) | | `atan2` | Yes | [atan2](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-atan2) | | `atanh` | Yes | [atanh](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-atanh) | | `avg` | Yes | [avg](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-avg) | | `bar` | Yes | [bar](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-bar) | | `base64` | Yes | [to_base64](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-to-base64) (same as to_base64) | | `BIGINT` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Cast first: `factorial(CAST(b AS INTEGER))`, `format_bytes(CAST(x AS BIGINT))` | | `bin` | Yes | [bin](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-bin) | | `BIT` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Store the bits as a `VARCHAR` of 0s and 1s, or an integer, and the enum as `VARCHAR`; cast in the query | | `BIT values and casts` | Yes | [BIT values and casts](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-bit-values) | | `bit_and` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `bit_count` | Yes | [bit_count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-bit-count) | | `bit_length` | Yes | [bit_length](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-bit-length) | | `bit_or` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `bit_position` | Yes | [bit_position](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-bit-position) | | `bit_xor` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `bitstring` | Yes | [bitstring](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-bitstring) | | `bitstring_agg` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `Bitwise operators on BIT values` | Yes | [Bitwise operators on BIT values](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-bitwise-operators-on-bit) | | `BLOB` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `octet_length()`, or `decode()` to `VARCHAR` first | | `BLOB values, comparisons and \|\|` | Yes | [BLOB values, comparisons and \|\|](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-blob-values) | | `bool_and` | Yes | [bool_and](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-bool-and) | | `bool_or` | Yes | [bool_or](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-bool-or) | | `btrim` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: trim(s, chars) | | `can_cast_implicitly` | Yes | [can_cast_implicitly](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-can-cast-implicitly) | | `cardinality` | Yes | [cardinality](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-cardinality) | | `CASE` | Yes | [CASE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-case) | | `CAST and ::` | Yes | [CAST and ::](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-cast) | | `cbrt` | Yes | [cbrt](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-cbrt) | | `ceil` | Yes | [ceil](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-ceil) | | `ceiling` | Yes | [ceil](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-ceil) (same as ceil) | | `century` | Yes | [century](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-century) | | `char_length` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: length | | `character_length` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: length | | `charindex` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: strpos(s, substring) or `position(substring IN s)` | | `chr` | Yes | [chr](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-chr) | | `coalesce` | Yes | [coalesce](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-coalesce) | | `COLLATE nocase and noaccent` | Yes | [COLLATE nocase and noaccent](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-collate) | | `combine` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine. | | `concat` | Yes | [concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-concat) | | `concat_ws` | Yes | [concat_ws](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-concat-ws) | | `contains` | Yes | [list_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-contains) (same as list_contains) | | `corr` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `cos` | Yes | [cos](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-cos) | | `cosh` | Yes | [cosh](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-cosh) | | `cot` | Yes | [cot](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-cot) | | `count` | Yes | [count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count) | | `count()` | Yes | [count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count) (same as count) | | `count(*)` | Yes | [count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count) (same as count) | | `count(ALL x)` | Yes | [count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count) (same as count) | | `count(x)` | Yes | [count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count) (same as count) | | `count_if` | Yes | [count_if](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count-if) | | `count_star()` | Yes | [count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count) (same as count) | | `countif` | Yes | [count_if](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-count-if) (same as count_if) | | `covar_pop` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `covar_samp` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `crc32` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sha256()`, or compute them in your code | | `create_sort_key` | Yes | [create_sort_key](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-create-sort-key) | | `current_date` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `current_localtime` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `current_localtimestamp` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `current_query` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine. | | `current_setting` | Yes | [current_setting](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-current-setting) | | `current_time` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `current_timestamp` | Yes | [now](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-now) (same as now) | | `currval` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. | | `damerau_levenshtein` | Yes | [damerau_levenshtein](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-damerau-levenshtein) | | `DATE` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Not needed: `TIMESTAMP` values have no zone | | `date_add` | Yes | [date_add](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-add) | | `date_diff` | Yes | [date_diff](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-diff) | | `date_part` | Yes | [date_part](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-part) | | `date_part('day', value)` | Yes | [day](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-day) (same as day) | | `date_part('part', value)` | Yes | [date_part](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-part) (same as date_part) | | `date_sub` | Yes | [date_sub](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-sub) | | `date_trunc` | Yes | [date_trunc](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-trunc) | | `datediff` | Yes | [date_diff](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-diff) (same as date_diff) | | `datepart` | Yes | [date_part](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-part) (same as date_part) | | `datesub` | Yes | [date_sub](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-sub) (same as date_sub) | | `datetrunc` | Yes | [date_trunc](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-trunc) (same as date_trunc) | | `day` | Yes | [day](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-day) | | `dayname` | Yes | [dayname](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-dayname) | | `dayofmonth` | Yes | [day](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-day) (same as day) | | `dayofweek` | Yes | [dayofweek](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-dayofweek) | | `dayofyear` | Yes | [dayofyear](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-dayofyear) | | `decade` | Yes | [decade](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-decade) | | `DECIMAL` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Cast to `DOUBLE`: `round(d::DOUBLE, n)` | | `decode` | Yes | [decode](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-decode) | | `degrees` | Yes | [degrees](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-degrees) | | `DISTINCT` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `approx_count_distinct(x)`, or Trino or Spark | | `divide` | Yes | [divide](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-divide) | | `DOUBLE` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Cast first: `factorial(CAST(b AS INTEGER))`, `format_bytes(CAST(x AS BIGINT))` | | `editdist3` | Yes | [levenshtein](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-levenshtein) (same as levenshtein) | | `element_at` | Yes | [map_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-extract) (same as map_extract) | | `encode` | Yes | [encode](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-encode) | | `ends_with` | Yes | [ends_with](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ends-with) | | `entropy` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `ENUM` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Store the bits as a `VARCHAR` of 0s and 1s, or an integer, and the enum as `VARCHAR`; cast in the query | | `enum_code` | Yes | [enum_code](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-enums-enum-code) | | `enum_first` | Yes | [enum_first](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-enums-enum-first) | | `enum_last` | Yes | [enum_last](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-enums-enum-last) | | `enum_range` | Yes | [enum_range](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-enums-enum-range) | | `enum_range_boundary` | Yes | [enum_range_boundary](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-enums-enum-range-boundary) | | `epoch` | Yes | [epoch](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-epoch) | | `epoch_ms` | Yes | [epoch_ms](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-epoch-ms) | | `epoch_ns` | Yes | [epoch_ns](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-epoch-ns) | | `epoch_us` | Yes | [epoch_us](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-epoch-us) | | `equi_width_bins` | Yes | [equi_width_bins](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-equi-width-bins) | | `era` | Yes | [era](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-era) | | `error` | Yes | [error](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-error) | | `even` | Yes | [even](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-even) | | `exp` | Yes | [exp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-exp) | | `extract(day FROM value)` | Yes | [day](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-day) (same as day) | | `extract(part FROM value)` | Yes | [date_part](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-date-part) (same as date_part) | | `factorial` | Yes | [factorial](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-factorial) | | `favg` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sum()` on `DECIMAL` values, which is exact | | `fdiv` | Yes | [fdiv](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-fdiv) | | `FILTER` | Yes | [FILTER (WHERE ...)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-filter-clause) | | `filter` | Yes | [list_filter](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-filter) (same as list_filter) | | `finalize` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine. | | `first` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `flatten` | Yes | [flatten](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-flatten) | | `floor` | Yes | [floor](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-floor) | | `fmod` | Yes | [fmod](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-fmod) | | `format` | Yes | [format](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-format) | | `format_bytes` | Yes | [format_bytes](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-format-bytes) | | `format_type` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine (operator not supported). | | `formatReadableDecimalSize` | Yes | [formatReadableDecimalSize](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-formatreadabledecimalsize) | | `formatReadableSize` | Yes | [format_bytes](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-format-bytes) (same as format_bytes) | | `from_base64` | Yes | [from_base64](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-from-base64) | | `from_binary` | Yes | [from_binary](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-from-binary) | | `from_hex` | Yes | [from_hex](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-from-hex) | | `from_json` | Yes | [json_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-transform) (same as json_transform) | | `from_json_strict` | Yes | [json_transform_strict](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-transform-strict) (same as json_transform_strict) | | `fsum` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sum()` on `DECIMAL` values, which is exact | | `gamma` | Yes | [gamma](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-gamma) | | `gcd` | Yes | [gcd](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-gcd) | | `gen_random_uuid` | Yes | [gen_random_uuid](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-gen-random-uuid) | | `generate_series` | Yes | [generate_series](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-generate-series) | | `geomean` | Yes | [geomean](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-geomean) | | `geometric_mean` | Yes | [geomean](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-geomean) (same as geomean) | | `get_bit` | Yes | [get_bit](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-get-bit) | | `get_block_size` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine (operator not supported). | | `get_current_time` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `get_current_timestamp` | Yes | [now](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-now) (same as now) | | `getvariable` | Yes | [getvariable](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-getvariable) | | `GLOB` | Yes | [GLOB](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-glob) | | `glob` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the objects through S3 with your client | | `grade_up` | Yes | [list_grade_up](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-grade-up) (same as list_grade_up) | | `greatest` | Yes | [greatest](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-greatest) | | `greatest_common_divisor` | Yes | [gcd](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-gcd) (same as gcd) | | `group_concat` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `hamming` | Yes | [hamming](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-hamming) | | `hash` | Yes | [hash](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-hash) | | `hex` | Yes | [hex](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-hex) | | `histogram` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `histogram_exact` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `hour` | Yes | [hour](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-hour) | | `icu_collate_af` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_am` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ar` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ar_sa` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_as` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_az` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_be` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_bg` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_bn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_bo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_br` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_bs` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ca` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ceb` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_chr` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_cs` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_cy` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_da` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_de` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_de_at` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_dsb` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_dz` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ee` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_el` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_en` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_en_us` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_eo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_es` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_et` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fa` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fa_af` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ff` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fi` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fil` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fr` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fr_ca` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_fy` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ga` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_gl` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_gu` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ha` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_haw` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_he` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_he_il` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_hi` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_hr` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_hsb` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_hu` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_hy` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_id` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_id_id` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ig` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_is` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_it` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ja` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ka` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_kk` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_kl` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_km` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_kn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ko` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_kok` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ku` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ky` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_lb` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_lkt` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ln` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_lo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_lt` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_lv` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_mk` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ml` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_mn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_mr` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ms` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_mt` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_my` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_nb` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_nb_no` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ne` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_nl` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_nn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_noaccent` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_om` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_or` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_pa` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_pa_in` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_pl` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ps` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_pt` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ro` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ru` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sa` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_se` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_si` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sk` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sl` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_smn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sq` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sr` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sr_ba` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sr_me` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sr_rs` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sv` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_sw` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ta` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_te` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_th` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_tk` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_to` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_tr` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ug` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_uk` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_ur` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_uz` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_vi` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_wae` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_wo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_xh` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_yi` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_yo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_yue` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_yue_cn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zh` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zh_cn` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zh_hk` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zh_mo` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zh_sg` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zh_tw` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_collate_zu` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. | | `icu_sort_key` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: `COLLATE nocase` or `COLLATE noaccent`, or Trino or Spark | | `if` | Yes | [if](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-if) | | `iff` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: if or CASE | | `ifnull` | Yes | [ifnull](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-ifnull) | | `ILIKE` | Yes | [ILIKE and NOT ILIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ilike) (same as ILIKE and NOT ILIKE) | | `ILIKE and NOT ILIKE` | Yes | [ILIKE and NOT ILIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ilike) | | `ilike_escape` | Yes | [ilike_escape](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ilike-escape) | | `IN` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `OR`s on the same column, which push down | | `in_search_path` | Yes | [in_search_path](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-in-search-path) | | `initcap` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Your client code, or Trino or Spark | | `instr` | Yes | [strpos](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-strpos) (same as strpos) | | `INTERVAL` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Cast the value to `TIMESTAMP` first | | `isfinite` | Yes | [isfinite](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-isfinite) | | `isinf` | Yes | [isinf](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-isinf) | | `isnan` | Yes | [isnan](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-isnan) | | `isodow` | Yes | [isodow](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-isodow) | | `isoyear` | Yes | [isoyear](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-isoyear) | | `jaccard` | Yes | [jaccard](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-jaccard) | | `jaro_similarity` | Yes | [jaro_similarity](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-jaro-similarity) | | `jaro_winkler_similarity` | Yes | [jaro_winkler_similarity](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-jaro-winkler-similarity) | | `json` | Yes | [json](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json) | | `json_array` | Yes | [json_array](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-array) | | `json_array_length` | Yes | [json_array_length](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-array-length) | | `json_contains` | Yes | [json_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-contains) | | `json_deserialize_sql` | Yes | [json_deserialize_sql](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-deserialize-sql) | | `json_exists` | Yes | [json_exists](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-exists) | | `json_extract` | Yes | [json_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-extract) | | `json_extract_path` | Yes | [json_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-extract) (same as json_extract) | | `json_extract_path_text` | Yes | [json_extract_string](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-extract-string) (same as json_extract_string) | | `json_extract_string` | Yes | [json_extract_string](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-extract-string) | | `json_group_array` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `json_group_object` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `json_group_structure` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `json_keys` | Yes | [json_keys](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-keys) | | `json_merge_patch` | Yes | [json_merge_patch](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-merge-patch) | | `json_object` | Yes | [json_object](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-object) | | `json_pretty` | Yes | [json_pretty](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-pretty) | | `json_quote` | Yes | [json_quote](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-quote) | | `json_serialize_sql` | Yes | [json_serialize_sql](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-serialize-sql) | | `json_structure` | Yes | [json_structure](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-structure) | | `json_transform` | Yes | [json_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-transform) | | `json_transform_strict` | Yes | [json_transform_strict](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-transform-strict) | | `json_type` | Yes | [json_type](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-type) | | `json_valid` | Yes | [json_valid](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-valid) | | `json_value` | Yes | [json_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-json-value) | | `julian` | Yes | [julian](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-julian) | | `kahan_sum` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sum()` on `DECIMAL` values, which is exact | | `kurtosis` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `kurtosis_pop` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `last` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `last_day` | Yes | [last_day](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-last-day) | | `lcase` | Yes | [lower](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-lower) (same as lower) | | `lcm` | Yes | [lcm](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-lcm) | | `least` | Yes | [least](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-least) | | `least_common_multiple` | Yes | [lcm](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-lcm) (same as lcm) | | `left` | Yes | [left](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-left) | | `left_grapheme` | Yes | [left_grapheme](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-left-grapheme) | | `len` | Yes | [length](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-length) (same as length) | | `length` | Yes | [length](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-length) | | `length_grapheme` | Yes | [length_grapheme](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-length-grapheme) | | `levenshtein` | Yes | [levenshtein](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-levenshtein) | | `lgamma` | Yes | [lgamma](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-lgamma) | | `LIKE` | Yes | [LIKE and NOT LIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-like) (same as LIKE and NOT LIKE) | | `LIKE and NOT LIKE` | Yes | [LIKE and NOT LIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-like) | | `like_escape` | Yes | [like_escape](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-like-escape) | | `list` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `List comprehensions` | Yes | [List comprehensions](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-comprehension) | | `list[begin:end:step]` | Yes | [list_slice](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-slice) (same as list_slice) | | `list[begin:end]` | Yes | [list_slice](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-slice) (same as list_slice) | | `list[index]` | Yes | [list_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-extract) (same as list_extract) | | `list_aggr` | Yes | [list_aggregate](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-aggregate) (same as list_aggregate) | | `list_aggregate` | Yes | [list_aggregate](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-aggregate) | | `list_any_value` | Yes | [list_any_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-any-value) | | `list_append` | Yes | [list_append](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-append) | | `list_apply` | Yes | [list_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-transform) (same as list_transform) | | `list_approx_count_distinct` | Yes | [list_approx_count_distinct](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-approx-count-distinct) | | `list_avg` | Yes | [list_avg](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-avg) | | `list_bit_and` | Yes | [list_bit_and](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-list-bit-and) | | `list_bit_or` | Yes | [list_bit_or](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-list-bit-or) | | `list_bit_xor` | Yes | [list_bit_xor](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-list-bit-xor) | | `list_bool_and` | Yes | [list_bool_and](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-bool-and) | | `list_bool_or` | Yes | [list_bool_or](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-bool-or) | | `list_cat` | Yes | [list_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-concat) (same as list_concat) | | `list_concat` | Yes | [list_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-concat) | | `list_contains` | Yes | [list_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-contains) | | `list_count` | Yes | [list_count](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-count) | | `list_distinct` | Yes | [list_distinct](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-distinct) | | `list_element` | Yes | [list_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-extract) (same as list_extract) | | `list_entropy` | Yes | [list_entropy](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-entropy) | | `list_extract` | Yes | [list_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-extract) | | `list_filter` | Yes | [list_filter](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-filter) | | `list_first` | Yes | [list_first](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-first) | | `list_grade_up` | Yes | [list_grade_up](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-grade-up) | | `list_has` | Yes | [list_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-contains) (same as list_contains) | | `list_has_all` | Yes | [list_has_all](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-all) | | `list_has_any` | Yes | [list_has_any](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-has-any) | | `list_histogram` | Yes | [list_histogram](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-histogram) | | `list_indexof` | Yes | [list_position](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-position) (same as list_position) | | `list_intersect` | Yes | [list_intersect](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-intersect) | | `list_kurtosis` | Yes | [list_kurtosis](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-kurtosis) | | `list_kurtosis_pop` | Yes | [list_kurtosis_pop](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-kurtosis-pop) | | `list_last` | Yes | [list_last](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-last) | | `list_mad` | Yes | [list_mad](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-mad) | | `list_max` | Yes | [list_max](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-max) | | `list_median` | Yes | [list_median](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-median) | | `list_min` | Yes | [list_min](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-min) | | `list_mode` | Yes | [list_mode](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-mode) | | `list_pack` | Yes | [list_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-value) (same as list_value) | | `list_position` | Yes | [list_position](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-position) | | `list_prepend` | Yes | [list_prepend](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-prepend) | | `list_product` | Yes | [list_product](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-product) | | `list_reduce` | Yes | [list_reduce](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reduce) | | `list_resize` | Yes | [list_resize](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-resize) | | `list_reverse` | Yes | [list_reverse](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reverse) | | `list_reverse_sort` | Yes | [list_reverse_sort](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reverse-sort) | | `list_select` | Yes | [list_select](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-select) | | `list_sem` | Yes | [list_sem](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-sem) | | `list_skewness` | Yes | [list_skewness](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-skewness) | | `list_slice` | Yes | [list_slice](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-slice) | | `list_sort` | Yes | [list_sort](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-sort) | | `list_stddev_pop` | Yes | [list_stddev_pop](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-stddev-pop) | | `list_stddev_samp` | Yes | [list_stddev_samp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-stddev-samp) | | `list_string_agg` | Yes | [list_string_agg](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-string-agg) | | `list_sum` | Yes | [list_sum](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-sum) | | `list_transform` | Yes | [list_transform](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-transform) | | `list_unique` | Yes | [list_unique](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-unique) | | `list_value` | Yes | [list_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-value) | | `list_var_pop` | Yes | [list_var_pop](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-var-pop) | | `list_var_samp` | Yes | [list_var_samp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-var-samp) | | `list_where` | Yes | [list_where](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-where) | | `list_zip` | Yes | [list_zip](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-zip) | | `listagg` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `ln` | Yes | [ln](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-ln) | | `localtime` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `localtimestamp` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `locate` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: strpos(s, substring) or `position(substring IN s)` | | `log` | Yes | [log](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-log) | | `log(2, x)` | Yes | [log2](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-log2) (same as log2) | | `log10` | Yes | [log10](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-log10) | | `log2` | Yes | [log2](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-log2) | | `lower` | Yes | [lower](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-lower) | | `lpad` | Yes | [lpad](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-lpad) | | `ltrim` | Yes | [ltrim](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ltrim) | | `m[key]` | Yes | [map_extract_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-extract-value) (same as map_extract_value) | | `mad` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `make_date` | Yes | [make_date](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-make-date) | | `make_time` | Yes | [make_time](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-make-time) | | `make_timestamp` | Yes | [make_timestamp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-make-timestamp) | | `make_timestamp_ns` | Yes | [make_timestamp_ns](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-make-timestamp-ns) | | `make_timestamptz` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: Store UTC `TIMESTAMP` values and convert in your client, or in Trino or Spark | | `MAP` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Store keys and values as two list columns, and build the map with `map(keys, values)` | | `map` | Yes | [map](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map) | | `map_concat` | Yes | [map_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-concat) | | `map_contains` | Yes | [map_contains](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-contains) | | `map_contains_entry` | Yes | [map_contains_entry](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-contains-entry) | | `map_contains_value` | Yes | [map_contains_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-contains-value) | | `map_entries` | Yes | [map_entries](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-entries) | | `map_extract` | Yes | [map_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-extract) | | `map_extract_value` | Yes | [map_extract_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-extract-value) | | `map_from_entries` | Yes | [map_from_entries](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-from-entries) | | `map_keys` | Yes | [map_keys](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-keys) | | `map_to_pg_oid` | Yes | [map_to_pg_oid](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-to-pg-oid) | | `map_values` | Yes | [map_values](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-values) | | `max` | Yes | [max](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-max) | | `max_by` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `md5` | Yes | [md5](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-md5) | | `md5_number` | Yes | [md5_number](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-md5-number) | | `md5_number_lower` | Yes | [md5_number_lower](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-md5-number-lower) | | `md5_number_upper` | Yes | [md5_number_upper](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-md5-number-upper) | | `mean` | Yes | [avg](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-avg) (same as avg) | | `median` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `microsecond` | Yes | [microsecond](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-microsecond) | | `millennium` | Yes | [millennium](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-millennium) | | `millisecond` | Yes | [millisecond](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-millisecond) | | `min` | Yes | [min](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-min) | | `min_by` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the rows with `ORDER BY ... LIMIT`, or use Trino or Spark | | `minute` | Yes | [minute](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-minute) | | `mismatches` | Yes | [hamming](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-hamming) (same as hamming) | | `mod(a, b)` | Yes | [% (modulo)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-modulo) (same as %) | | `mode` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `month` | Yes | [month](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-month) | | `monthname` | Yes | [monthname](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-monthname) | | `multiply(a, b)` | Yes | [* (multiply an interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-multiply) (same as *) | | `murmurhash3_32` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sha256()`, or compute them in your code | | `n` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Cast to `DOUBLE`: `round(d::DOUBLE, n)` | | `n!` | Yes | [factorial](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-factorial) (same as factorial) | | `nanosecond` | Yes | [nanosecond](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-nanosecond) | | `nextafter` | Yes | [nextafter](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-nextafter) | | `nextval` | Yes | [nextval](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-nextval) | | `nfc_normalize` | Yes | [nfc_normalize](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-nfc-normalize) | | `normalized_interval` | Yes | [normalized_interval](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-normalized-interval) | | `NOT ILIKE` | Yes | [ILIKE and NOT ILIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ilike) (same as ILIKE and NOT ILIKE) | | `NOT LIKE` | Yes | [LIKE and NOT LIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-like) (same as LIKE and NOT LIKE) | | `NOT regexp_full_match(s, pattern)` | Yes | [regexp_full_match](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-full-match) (same as regexp_full_match) | | `now` | Yes | [now](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-now) | | `nullif` | Yes | [nullif](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-nullif) | | `nullifzero` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: nullif(x, 0) | | `nvl` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: coalesce or ifnull; `nvl2(x, a, b)` is `CASE WHEN x IS NOT NULL THEN a ELSE b END`; `zeroifnull(x)` is `coalesce(x, 0)` | | `nvl2` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: coalesce or ifnull; `nvl2(x, a, b)` is `CASE WHEN x IS NOT NULL THEN a ELSE b END`; `zeroifnull(x)` is `coalesce(x, 0)` | | `octet_length` | Yes | [octet_length](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-octet-length) | | `ord` | Yes | [ord](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ord) | | `parquet_bloom_probe` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the file's metadata with PyArrow in your client | | `parquet_file_metadata` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the file's metadata with PyArrow in your client | | `parquet_kv_metadata` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the file's metadata with PyArrow in your client | | `parquet_metadata` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the file's metadata with PyArrow in your client | | `parquet_scan` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Import the files into a table, then query it | | `parquet_schema` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the file's metadata with PyArrow in your client | | `parse_dirname` | Yes | [parse_dirname](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-parse-dirname) | | `parse_dirpath` | Yes | [parse_dirpath](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-parse-dirpath) | | `parse_filename` | Yes | [parse_filename](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-parse-filename) | | `parse_path` | Yes | [parse_path](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-parse-path) | | `pg_catalog.map_to_pg_oid` | Yes | [map_to_pg_oid](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-maps-map-to-pg-oid) (same as map_to_pg_oid) | | `pg_get_constraintdef` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine (operator not supported). | | `pg_get_viewdef` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine (operator not supported). | | `pg_size_pretty` | Yes | [pg_size_pretty](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-pg-size-pretty) | | `pg_typeof` | Yes | [pg_typeof](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-pg-typeof) | | `pi` | Yes | [pi](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-pi) | | `position(substring IN s)` | Yes | [strpos](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-strpos) (same as strpos) | | `pow` | Yes | [pow](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-pow) | | `power` | Yes | [pow](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-pow) (same as pow) | | `prefix` | Yes | [starts_with](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-starts-with) (same as starts_with) | | `printf` | Yes | [printf](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-printf) | | `product` | Yes | [product](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-product) | | `quantile` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `quantile_cont` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `quantile_disc` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `quarter` | Yes | [quarter](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-quarter) | | `query` | Yes | [query](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-table-functions-query) | | `query_table` | Yes | [query_table](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-table-functions-query-table) | | `quote_ident` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Your client code, or Trino or Spark | | `quote_literal` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Your client code, or Trino or Spark | | `radians` | Yes | [radians](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-radians) | | `random` | Yes | [random](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-random) | | `range` | Yes | [range](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-range) | | `read_blob` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the objects through S3 with your client | | `read_csv` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_csv_auto` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_json` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_json_auto` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_json_objects` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_json_objects_auto` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_ndjson` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_ndjson_auto` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_ndjson_objects` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Load the file in your client and write it with the Python SDK, or convert it to Parquet and import it | | `read_parquet` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Import the files into a table, then query it | | `read_text` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: Read the objects through S3 with your client | | `reduce` | Yes | [list_reduce](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-reduce) (same as list_reduce) | | `REGEXP` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: regexp_matches | | `regexp_escape` | Yes | [regexp_escape](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-escape) | | `regexp_extract` | Yes | [regexp_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-extract) | | `regexp_extract_all` | Yes | [regexp_extract_all](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-extract-all) | | `regexp_full_match` | Yes | [regexp_full_match](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-full-match) | | `regexp_full_match(s, pattern)` | Yes | [regexp_full_match](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-full-match) (same as regexp_full_match) | | `regexp_like` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: regexp_matches | | `regexp_matches` | Yes | [regexp_matches](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-matches) | | `regexp_replace` | Yes | [regexp_replace](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-replace) | | `regexp_split_to_array` | Yes | [regexp_split_to_array](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-split-to-array) | | `regexp_split_to_table` | Yes | [regexp_split_to_table](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-split-to-table) | | `regr_avgx` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_avgy` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_count` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_intercept` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_r2` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_slope` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_sxx` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_sxy` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `regr_syy` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `Regular-expression syntax and options` | Yes | [Regular-expression syntax and options](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-syntax) | | `repeat` | Yes | [repeat (BLOB)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-repeat) | | `repeat_row` | Yes | [repeat_row](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-table-functions-repeat-row) | | `replace` | Yes | [replace](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-replace) | | `reservoir_quantile` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark, or the list functions on a list column | | `reverse` | Yes | [reverse](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-reverse) | | `right` | Yes | [right](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-right) | | `right_grapheme` | Yes | [right_grapheme](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-right-grapheme) | | `RLIKE` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: regexp_matches | | `rlike` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: regexp_matches | | `round` | Yes | [round](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-round) | | `round_even` | Yes | [round_even](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-round-even) | | `roundbankers` | Yes | [round_even](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-round-even) (same as round_even) | | `row` | Yes | [row](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-row) | | `row_number` | Yes | [row_number](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-row-number) | | `row_to_json` | Yes | [row_to_json](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-row-to-json) | | `rpad` | Yes | [rpad](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-rpad) | | `rtrim` | Yes | [rtrim](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-rtrim) | | `s.field` | Yes | [struct_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-extract) (same as struct_extract) | | `s['field']` | Yes | [struct_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-extract) (same as struct_extract) | | `second` | Yes | [second](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-second) | | `sem` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `set_bit` | Yes | [set_bit](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-set-bit) | | `setseed` | Yes | [setseed](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-setseed) | | `sha1` | Yes | [sha1](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-sha1) | | `sha256` | Yes | [sha256](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-sha256) | | `sha512` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sha256()`, or compute them in your code | | `sign` | Yes | [sign](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-sign) | | `signbit` | Yes | [signbit](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-signbit) | | `SIMILAR TO` | Yes | [SIMILAR TO](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-similar-to) | | `sin` | Yes | [sin](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-sin) | | `sinh` | Yes | [sinh](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-sinh) | | `skewness` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Trino or Spark | | `sniff_csv` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: None needed: there are no files or secrets to inspect | | `soundex` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Your client code, or Trino or Spark | | `split` | Yes | [string_split](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-string-split) (same as string_split) | | `split_part` | Yes | [split_part](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-split-part) | | `split_to_table` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: unnest(string_split(s, sep)) | | `sqrt` | Yes | [sqrt](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-sqrt) | | `starts_with` | Yes | [starts_with](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-starts-with) | | `stddev` | Yes | [stddev_samp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-stddev-samp) (same as stddev_samp) | | `stddev_pop` | Yes | [stddev_pop](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-stddev-pop) | | `stddev_samp` | Yes | [stddev_samp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-stddev-samp) | | `str_split` | Yes | [string_split](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-string-split) (same as string_split) | | `str_split_regex` | Yes | [regexp_split_to_array](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-split-to-array) (same as regexp_split_to_array) | | `strftime` | Yes | [strftime](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-strftime) | | `string_agg` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Read the column with the Python SDK and collect it in your code | | `string_split` | Yes | [string_split](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-string-split) | | `string_split_regex` | Yes | [regexp_split_to_array](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-regexp-split-to-array) (same as regexp_split_to_array) | | `string_to_array` | Yes | [string_split](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-string-split) (same as string_split) | | `strip_accents` | Yes | [strip_accents](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-strip-accents) | | `strlen` | Yes | [strlen](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-strlen) | | `strpos` | Yes | [strpos](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-strpos) | | `strptime` | Yes | [strptime](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-strptime) | | `struct_concat` | Yes | [struct_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-concat) | | `struct_extract` | Yes | [struct_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-extract) | | `struct_extract_at` | Yes | [struct_extract_at](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-extract-at) | | `struct_insert` | Yes | [struct_insert](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-insert) | | `struct_pack` | Yes | [struct_pack](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-pack) | | `substr` | Yes | [substring](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-substring) (same as substring) | | `substring` | Yes | [substring](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-substring) | | `SUBSTRING(s FROM start FOR length)` | Yes | [substring](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-substring) (same as substring) | | `substring(s, start, length)` | Yes | [substring](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-substring) (same as substring) | | `substring_grapheme` | Yes | [substring_grapheme](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-substring-grapheme) | | `subtract(a)` | Yes | [- (subtraction and negation)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-subtraction) (same as -) | | `subtract(a, b)` | Yes | [- (subtract a date or interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-minus) (same as -) | | `subtract(interval)` | Yes | [- (subtract a date or interval)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-minus) (same as -) | | `suffix` | Yes | [ends_with](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ends-with) (same as ends_with) | | `sum` | Yes | [sum](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-sum) | | `sum_no_overflow` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. | | `sumkahan` | No | Not available as an aggregate in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sum()` on `DECIMAL` values, which is exact | | `tan` | Yes | [tan](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-tan) | | `tanh` | Yes | [tanh](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-tanh) | | `TIME` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Cast the value to `TIMESTAMP` first | | `Time zones` | Yes | [Time zones](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-time-zones) | | `time_bucket` | Yes | [time_bucket](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-time-bucket) | | `TIMESTAMP` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Not needed: `TIMESTAMP` values have no zone | | `TIMESTAMPTZ` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: Use `TIMESTAMP` values, or Trino or Spark | | `to_base` | Yes | [to_base](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-to-base) | | `to_base64` | Yes | [to_base64](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-to-base64) | | `to_binary` | Yes | [bin](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-bin) (same as bin) | | `to_centuries` | Yes | [to_centuries](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-centuries) | | `to_days` | Yes | [to_days](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-days) | | `to_decades` | Yes | [to_decades](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-decades) | | `to_hex` | Yes | [hex](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-hex) (same as hex) | | `to_hours` | Yes | [to_hours](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-hours) | | `to_json` | Yes | [to_json](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-json-to-json) | | `to_microseconds` | Yes | [to_microseconds](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-microseconds) | | `to_millennia` | Yes | [to_millennia](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-millennia) | | `to_milliseconds` | Yes | [to_milliseconds](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-milliseconds) | | `to_minutes` | Yes | [to_minutes](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-minutes) | | `to_months` | Yes | [to_months](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-months) | | `to_quarters` | Yes | [to_quarters](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-quarters) | | `to_seconds` | Yes | [to_seconds](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-seconds) | | `to_timestamp` | Yes | [to_timestamp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-timestamp) | | `to_weeks` | Yes | [to_weeks](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-weeks) | | `to_years` | Yes | [to_years](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-to-years) | | `today` | No | Needs time-zone or collation support, which the VAST Query Engine doesn't have. Instead: `CAST(CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP) AS DATE)`, or `CAST(now() AS TIMESTAMP)` | | `transaction_timestamp` | Yes | [now](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-now) (same as now) | | `translate` | Yes | [translate](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-translate) | | `trim` | Yes | [trim](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-trim) | | `trunc` | Yes | [trunc](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-trunc) | | `try` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: TRY_CAST for conversions, or a `CASE` that tests the value first | | `TRY_CAST` | Yes | [TRY_CAST](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-try-cast) | | `try_strptime` | Yes | [try_strptime](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-try-strptime) | | `txid_current` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine. | | `typeof` | Yes | [typeof](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-conditional-and-cast-typeof) | | `ucase` | Yes | [upper](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-upper) (same as upper) | | `unbin` | Yes | [from_binary](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-from-binary) (same as from_binary) | | `unhex` | Yes | [from_hex](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-from-hex) (same as from_hex) | | `unicode` | Yes | [ord](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ord) (same as ord) | | `union_extract` | Yes | [union_extract](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-union-extract) | | `union_tag` | No | Fails in the VAST Query Engine. | | `union_value` | Yes | [union_value](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-union-value) | | `unnest` | Yes | [unnest](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-table-functions-unnest) | | `upper` | Yes | [upper](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-upper) | | `url_decode` | Yes | [url_decode](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-url-decode) | | `url_encode` | Yes | [url_encode](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-url-encode) | | `uuid` | Yes | [gen_random_uuid](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-gen-random-uuid) (same as gen_random_uuid) | | `UUID values and casts` | Yes | [UUID values and casts](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-binary-hash-uuid-uuid-values) | | `uuid_extract_version` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `gen_random_uuid()` for version 4; generate other versions in your code | | `uuidv4` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `gen_random_uuid()` for version 4; generate other versions in your code | | `uuidv7` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `gen_random_uuid()` for version 4; generate other versions in your code | | `var_pop` | Yes | [var_pop](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-var-pop) | | `var_samp` | Yes | [var_samp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-var-samp) | | `VARCHAR` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `min(length(s))`, or Trino or Spark | | `variance` | Yes | [var_samp](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-var-samp) (same as var_samp) | | `wavg` | Yes | [wavg](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-wavg) | | `week` | Yes | [week](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-week) | | `weekday` | Yes | [dayofweek](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-dayofweek) (same as dayofweek) | | `weekofyear` | Yes | [week](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-week) (same as week) | | `weighted_avg` | Yes | [wavg](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-wavg) (same as wavg) | | `which_secret` | No | Reads files or the network, which the VAST Query Engine can't do. Instead: None needed: there are no files or secrets to inspect | | `Window functions` | Yes | [Window functions](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-aggregate-window-functions) | | `write_log` | Yes | [write_log](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-utility-write-log) | | `xor` | Yes | [xor](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-xor) | | `xxhash64` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: `sha256()`, or compute them in your code | | `year` | Yes | [year](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-year) | | `yearweek` | Yes | [yearweek](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-date-time-yearweek) | | `zeroifnull` | No | Not available in the VAST Query Engine. Instead: coalesce or ifnull; `nvl2(x, a, b)` is `CASE WHEN x IS NOT NULL THEN a ELSE b END`; `zeroifnull(x)` is `coalesce(x, 0)` | | `{'name': value, ...}` | Yes | [struct_pack](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-structs-struct-pack) (same as struct_pack) | | `\|` | Yes | [\| (bitwise OR)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-operators-bitwise-or) | | `\|\|` | Yes | [list_concat](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-lists-list-concat) (same as list_concat) | | `~` | Yes | [~ (bitwise NOT)](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-numeric-bitwise-not) | | `~~` | Yes | [LIKE and NOT LIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-like) (same as LIKE and NOT LIKE) | | `~~*` | Yes | [ILIKE and NOT ILIKE](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-ilike) (same as ILIKE and NOT ILIKE) | | `~~~` | Yes | [GLOB](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-string-glob) (same as GLOB) | ## See also - [SQL functions](/develop/docs/dev-database-reference-sql-functions-index).